The Tiny Pacemaker

 

Smaller Than a Grain of Rice: The Tiny Pacemaker Changing Lives

In a groundbreaking leap for medical technology, engineers at Northwestern University have developed the world’s smallest pacemaker. It is so tiny that it can be injected with a syringe and dissolve naturally in the body after its job is done.

A Big Solution in a Tiny Package

Measuring just 1.8mm wide, 3.5mm long, and 1mm thick, this miniature marvel is smaller than a grain of rice, yet it packs enough power to regulate a human heart. Designed especially for newborns with congenital heart defects, the device minimizes trauma and simplifies treatment for the most delicate patients.

“This is the smallest pacemaker we know of,” says John A. Rogers, one of the lead developers and a pioneer in bioelectronics. “Size matters in pediatric care, especially when we’re dealing with fragile, healing hearts.”

A Smarter, Softer Approach

Instead of relying on wires and bulky external devices, this wireless pacemaker is paired with a soft, wearable patch that sits on the chest. If the wearable detects an irregular heartbeat, it emits a gentle pulse of infrared light, which safely passes through the skin and activates the pacemaker to stimulate the heart.

This method not only reduces the need for invasive surgery but also avoids complications linked to traditional pacemakers, such as infections, tissue damage, and even the tragic case of astronaut Neil Armstrong, who died due to internal bleeding caused by pacemaker wire removal.

No Surgery Needed—Ever

What makes this device truly revolutionary is its bioresorbable design. Once the pacemaker is no longer needed, typically after a few critical days post-surgery, it dissolves naturally in the body, just like dissolvable stitches. No surgical removal. No scars. No risk.

The secret lies in the advanced materials developed by Rogers’ team. By precisely tuning the thickness and composition of each layer, they can control exactly how long the device lasts, long enough to stabilize the heart, short enough to disappear when it's safe.

Powered by Body Fluids

To ditch bulky batteries, the pacemaker uses a galvanic cell, basically a simple battery made from two different metals. Once in the body, natural biofluids trigger a chemical reaction that generates electricity, enough to power the pacemaker. A tiny light-activated switch flips it on when needed, ensuring safety and precision.

More Than One Heartbeat at a Time

These micro-devices can be deployed in groups, allowing doctors to independently stimulate different heart parts. This opens doors to more advanced heart therapies, such as treating arrhythmias or even integrating pacemakers directly into artificial heart valves.

“We can now tailor heart pacing in ways we couldn’t before,” explains cardiologist Igor Efimov, who co-led the project. “It’s personalized therapy—right down to the beat.”

Looking Ahead

While originally developed for temporary pacing after pediatric heart surgery, this breakthrough could transform treatment across many areas of medicine. The possibilities for tiny, dissolvable bioelectronics are just beginning, from nerve healing and wound care to pain management.

This incredible work, published in Nature on April 2, 2025, was led by a powerhouse team from Northwestern, Dartmouth, and the University of Chicago. And it just might change the future of medicine—one heartbeat at a time.

 

Where can I find gold at a lower price than India?

 

Where is Gold cheaper than in India?

If you’re considering buying gold internationally, you’re not alone. Many gold buyers, especially from countries like India, where gold prices are relatively high, are looking abroad for better deals.

As of February 2025, the price of 24K gold in India is around ₹86,667 per 10 grams. But in several other countries, gold can be significantly cheaper. Let’s take a look at six countries where gold prices are lower than in India, and explore why.

1.  United States

Price: ₹72,280 per 10 grams
Difference from India: ~₹14,387 cheaper

Why It’s Cheaper:

• Strong U.S. dollar and local gold production
• Lower taxes (India has 10% import duty + 3% GST)
• Highly competitive market among dealers

The U.S. offers a favorable environment for gold buyers due to efficient pricing and minimal extra charges.

2.  Australia

Price: ₹73,580 per 10 grams
Difference from India: ~₹13,087 cheaper

Why It’s Cheaper:

• Australia is one of the world’s top gold producers
• The Perth Mint plays a global role in gold pricing
• Lower import duties and robust supply chains

Australia’s steady production and streamlined gold market make it a smart destination for gold buyers.

3. Indonesia 

Price: ₹71,880 per 10 grams
Difference from India: ~₹14,787 cheaper

Why It’s Cheaper:

• Minimal taxes and a competitive jewelry market
• Lower premiums on gold in places like Jakarta
• Local gold refining helps keep costs low

If you're in Southeast Asia, Indonesia offers some of the best prices for 24K gold.

4.  Hong Kong

Price: ₹79,400 per 10 grams
Difference from India: ~₹7,267 cheaper

Why It’s Cheaper:

• No VAT or sales tax on gold
• Efficient, open trading markets
• Easy access to global gold rates

Hong Kong remains a gold-trading hub with prices that closely follow international trends, minus the taxes.

5.  Dubai, UAE

Price: ₹78,960 per 10 grams
Difference from India: ~₹7,707 cheaper

Why It’s Cheaper:

• No import duty or VAT (tourists can even get VAT refunds)
• Prices linked directly to global rates
• World-famous Gold Souk and tax-free shopping

Dubai is a hotspot for gold shopping, especially for Indian travelers looking to buy quality gold at lower rates.

6.  Cambodia 

Price: ₹72,060 per 10 grams
Difference from India: ~₹14,607 cheaper

Why It’s Cheaper:

• Lower taxes and government levies
• A growing gold market with increasing competition
• Reasonable pricing, especially for bulk purchases

Cambodia might not be on everyone's radar, but it’s an emerging player in the gold scene with very competitive prices.

A Few Things to Keep in Mind

💱 Prices Fluctuate Daily

Gold prices are influenced by global market trends, currency exchange rates, and local supply-demand dynamics. Always check the latest prices before making a purchase.

💼 Factor in Additional Costs

When buying gold abroad, consider:

• Customs duties (India currently charges 6% on gold bars up to 1kg)
• Currency conversion fees
• Transport and insurance risks
• Local taxes (where applicable)

🇮🇳 Why Is Gold Expensive in India?

• Strong cultural demand (e.g., weddings, Diwali)
• A weaker rupee compared to the U.S. dollar
• Heavy reliance on gold imports with high duties

These factors increase domestic prices, making foreign gold appealing for savvy buyers.

⚠️ Buy Smart, Buy Safe

• Always buy from reputable dealers
• Ask for authenticity certificates
• Keep invoices and paperwork
• Be aware that importing rules, smuggling is illegal and carries serious penalties

For instance, while Dubai allows a 5% VAT refund for tourists, bringing gold back to India above the duty-free limit without declaration is not worth the risk.

Final Thoughts

·        Gold shopping abroad can save you money, especially if you’re traveling to places like the U.S., Australia, or Dubai. Remember to weigh the total cost, including duties and travel, before buying. And most importantly, stay legal and informed.

·        For real-time rates, check trusted sources like local jewelers, financial websites, or gold exchanges in your destination country.

 

 

The US Gives Undocumented Immigrants a 30-Day Warning

 “Leave Now” – U.S. Issues 30-Day Warning to Undocumented Immigrants

What Indians and Other Foreign Nationals Need to Know About the New DHS Policy

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has just released a strict 30-day warning aimed at undocumented immigrants — including those from India, South Asia, Africa, Latin America, and other regions. The message is clear:

Leave voluntarily within 30 days or face deportation, detention, and long-term bans.

Whether you overstayed your visa, lost legal status, or entered the country without documentation, this new enforcement push could directly affect you or someone you know. read

🧭 What Is “Self-Deportation”?

Self-deportation means leaving the U.S. voluntarily, without being arrested or forcibly removed by immigration authorities. DHS is encouraging undocumented individuals to take this route now, before the 30-day grace period ends.

✅ Why it matters:

If you leave on your own, you may avoid:

• Long bans (5–10+ years) from reentry
• A criminal immigration record
• Future disqualification from visas, green cards, or asylum

⏳ What Happens After 30 Days?

If you don’t leave by the deadline, expect serious consequences:

• Increased ICE enforcement and immigration raids
• Arrest, detention, and forced deportation
• Reentry bans:
• 5 years (minimum)
• 10 years (if you ignored voluntary departure)
• Lifetime ban (in cases of fraud or repeat offenses)
• No future eligibility for work permits, family green cards, or even humanitarian protections

📊 Why Now? — Understanding the Numbers

• 🔢 An estimated 11 million+ undocumented immigrants live in the U.S.
• 🌍 Many are from countries like India, Nigeria, Mexico, China, and Central America
• 📅 In 2023 alone, ICE deported over 140,000 individuals
• 🛂 Around 40% of undocumented people entered legally on visas but stayed after expiry

🧠 Visual idea: A pie chart showing visa overstays vs. illegal border entries.

🧍‍♀️ Real Stories That Hit Home

• Raj, an Indian tech worker, lost his job and didn’t realize his H-1B grace period had expired. Now, he’s consulting a lawyer to file for voluntary departure.
• Fatima, a student from Bangladesh, stayed after her visa lapsed. She’s working with a nonprofit to explore legal exits and protect future opportunities.

🧠 Visual idea: Mini profiles (with blurred photos) and direct quotes to bring these experiences to life.

Specific Concerns for Indians:

• Many Indians in the U.S. are on H-1B, F-1, or other visas. Overstays (e.g., after job loss or study completion) are common issues. An estimated 600,000+ Indians are undocumented, often from visa overstays.
• If you’re undocumented, avoid delaying action. India-U.S. cooperation on deportations is strong, and ICE has increased removals to India in 2025.
• Explore legal options like asylum (if credible fear exists) or adjustment of status (e.g., through marriage to a U.S. citizen), but these require expert guidance.

🧰 What You Should Do Now (Solutions)

If you or someone you know may be affected:

✅ 1. Speak to an immigration attorney immediately

Many offer free consultations and can help assess your options.

✅ 2. Check your visa status

Use the USCIS online portal to see if your case is pending or if you’ve missed deadlines.  For direct help.

✅ 3. Connect with legal aid or immigrant nonprofits

Organizations like RAICES, Immigrant Justice Network, and local community groups offer guidance on:

• Voluntary departure
• Asylum applications
• Deferred action or humanitarian relief

✅ 4. Don’t ignore the warning

Taking action before ICE does gives you more control, dignity, and options.

💬 Final Thoughts 

This isn’t just another immigration headline — it’s real, urgent, and deeply human. People from all over the world, including India and beyond, came to the U.S. with hope. But failing to act now could mean losing the chance to ever come back. Also read

Whether you’re directly impacted or know someone who might be, the message is the same: Waqf bill

Take control. Seek help. Don’t wait until it’s too late.

 

Scientists have discovered a new treatment for millions of people suffering from excruciating dry mouth.

Game-Changing Discovery by Scientists for Painful Dry Mouth Disorder

For millions living with Sjögren’s syndrome, dry mouth isn’t just annoying—it’s life-disrupting. Eating, talking, and even sleeping can become daily struggles. Until now, treatments have mostly focused on managing symptoms. But a new discovery out of Peking University is poised to change that. More

What’s the Big Deal?

Scientists have found the root cause of dry mouth in Sjögren’s syndrome: the loss of a protein called tricellulin, which acts like a gatekeeper in our salivary glands. This protein helps seal the tight junctions between cells, preventing leaks and keeping saliva production on track. 

In people with Sjögren’s, inflammation interferes with tricellulin, breaking down the cell-to-cell “zippers” that keep the salivary glands functioning properly. Without this protein, the glands leak, and saliva production grinds to a halt.

Also, read current studies

Why This Matters    

This isn't just a new piece of the puzzle—it’s the missing link researchers have been searching for. Until now, we knew inflammation was at play, but we didn’t know exactly how it led to dry mouth. Now we do.

And the best part? Scientists didn’t just discover the problem—they found a way to reverse it in lab models.

The Science (Simplified)

                                                  Credit: International Journal of Oral Science, and scitechdaily.com/  Here's what's happening in the body:

• A molecule called IFN-gamma causes inflammation.
• That kicks off a chain reaction (called the JAK/STAT1 pathway) that boosts a tiny regulator called microRNA-145.
• This microRNA blocks the production of a protein called tricellulin, which is important for sealing up the salivary glands.
• Without tricellulin, those glands leak and stop making saliva.

The good news:
Scientists found two ways to block this process—and help keep saliva flowing.

1.   AT1001 – a test drug that helps fix the broken seals between cells.

2.   microRNA-145 blocker – stops the thing that shuts down tricellulin, so the glands stay protected.

Both treatments worked in mice—saliva came back, and the glands got better. That’s a big deal!

From Treating Symptoms to Repairing Damage

“This changes how we think about treating Sjögren’s syndrome,” said lead researcher Dr. Xin Cong. “We’re not just reducing inflammation—we’re fixing the actual structure of the glands.”

Think of it like this: Old treatments were like mopping up water from a burst pipe. These new therapies? They fix the pipe itself. Also, read nuclear battery

What’s Next?

• Catch it early – If doctors can spot the problem sooner, they can treat it before things get worse.
• Quicker testing – AT1001 has already been tested for other illnesses, so it might reach patients with Sjögren’s faster.
• More uses – This could also help with other conditions where body barriers leak—like dry eyes or gut problems.

The Bottom Line
This discovery gives real hope—not just to ease symptoms but to actually heal the damage from Sjögren’s. That’s a big deal.

 

 

Current Studies on Lovers in Science

 Scientists Say There Are 4 Types of Lovers – Which One Are You?

Ever wonder why some people fall madly in love while others keep it cool and casual? According to new research from the Australian National University (ANU), we don’t all experience love the same way—and there are actually four main types of lovers.

Based on a study of over 800 young adults in relationships, researchers looked at things like how intensely people feel in love, how often they think about their partner, their level of commitment, and—yep—how often they’re having sex. The result? A clear breakdown of four distinct romantic lover types: mild, moderate, libidinous, and intense.

So, which one sounds like you? Read Nuclear battery

🧊 1. Mild Lovers – The Cool and Detached Type

This group makes up about 20% of lovers. Mild lovers score low on everything—intensity, obsessive thoughts, commitment, and sexual activity.
They’re less extroverted, less agreeable, and more emotionally detached. Interestingly, they’ve often been in love more times than others but never for very long. Most are male and heterosexual. Think of this group as the calm waters of the love ocean.

😌 2. Moderate Lovers – The “Average Joe” of Romance

Over 40% of people fall into this category, making it the most common group.
Moderate lovers aren’t particularly intense or obsessive. They’re committed and have a moderate sex life—not too hot, not too cold. These folks are generally stable, dependable, and more likely to be men. If you enjoy love without too much drama, you’re probably here. Read Tarrifs vs Tarrifs

🔥 3. Libidinous Lovers – The Lust-Driven Firecrackers

Only about 10% of people fall into this steamy category.
These lovers are all about passion, with an average of 10 sexual encounters a week. They also tend to crave adventure—more likely to travel, spend money, smoke cigarettes, and just generally live life in the fast lane.
If you fall hard and fast—and the physical side of romance is front and center—you might be in this group.

💘 4. Intense Lovers – The “Head Over Heels” Types

These are the romantics who go all-in. About 29% of people are intense lovers.
They score high on everything—emotional intensity, obsession, commitment, and a healthy sex life. These lovers often fell in love before the relationship even started.
They’re usually agreeable, hardworking, and emotionally deep. Interestingly, this group has more women than men and tends to avoid risky behavior like heavy drinking or reckless driving.

What Does This Mean for You?

Lead researcher Adam Bode says that these findings show how unique each person’s experience of love really is. “We don’t all love the same,” he said. “Some people even have sex up to 20 times per week when they fall in love.”

The study used data from the 2022 Romantic Love Survey, the world’s largest of its kind, spanning 33 countries. It’s a big deal in the science of love—and it's helping researchers understand how we connect, commit, and evolve in relationships.

Whether you're the passionate type, more low-key, or somewhere in between, there’s no right or wrong way to love. The takeaway? Love is personal, and it looks different on everyone.

So... which type of lover do you think you are? Please comment me.

 

Tata Steel’s Job Cuts in the Netherlands

Tata Steel’s Job Cuts in the Netherlands: What It Means for the Government and the Future of Green Steel

On April 9, 2025, Tata Steel announced plans to cut over 1,600 jobs at its IJmuiden plant in the Netherlands. The news has raised eyebrows across the country—especially within the Dutch government—and sparked criticism from trade unions and political parties. But what’s really going on, and how might this affect the Netherlands in the short and long term? Let’s break it down. Also read

Why Is Tata Steel Cutting Jobs?

The decision is part of a major restructuring effort to streamline operations at Tata Steel Nederland (TSN). Several key challenges are pushing the company to act:

• Falling demand for steel in Europe due to geopolitical instability
• Disruptions in global trade and supply chains
• Skyrocketing energy costs, making steel production more expensive
• Fierce competition from cheaper imports—especially from China
• US tariffs that are hurting international sales

TSN reported a loss of €556 million ($613 million) in the fiscal year ending March 2024, which has made cost-cutting urgent. Read Keith Bakker

Green Steel Transition Is Driving Change

These layoffs are also tied to Tata Steel’s push toward more sustainable steel production. The company is investing heavily in green technologies—specifically, replacing one of its blast furnaces with a direct reduced iron (DRI) furnace and an electric arc furnace (EAF) by the end of the decade. These technologies are designed to cut 5 million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually. nuclear batteries

To support this green transformation, Tata says it needs a leaner, more automated organization. That’s why most job cuts target management and support roles to reduce duplication and increase accountability.

How Is the Dutch Government Reacting?

So far, the Dutch government’s response has been one of concern and cautious engagement. Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy Dirk Beljaarts expressed surprise at the announcement, especially since Tata Steel is currently negotiating with the government for up to €3 billion in financial support to help fund its green steel transition.

Beljaarts said he had spoken with Tata’s CEO and was assured that these cuts do not mean the company is leaving the Netherlands. He also emphasized the strategic importance of keeping strong manufacturing players like Tata Steel in the country, especially given the current global economic uncertainties.

Unions and Opposition Push Back

Not everyone is buying Tata’s explanation. Trade union FNV and political parties like GroenLinks-PvdA have criticized the timing of the layoffs. They argue that the cuts could be a tactic to pressure the government into providing more financial help.

This move comes just a year after Tata already cut 800 jobs in 2023, raising concerns that this is part of a broader trend of workforce reductions under the guise of green innovation.

What Does This Mean for Workers and the Economy?

The immediate impact will be felt most in the IJmuiden region, where Tata Steel employs around 9,200 people. Losing 1,600 jobs could hit local economies hard and increase pressure on the social welfare system.

However, the Netherlands currently has a tight labor market, which may help some displaced workers find new opportunities. The government is also likely to face pressure to offer retraining programs and financial assistance for those affected.

Long-Term Implications for the Government

While the short-term challenges are clear, the long-term picture is more complex:

• If Tata’s green transition is successful, the company could become one of Europe’s most efficient and sustainable steelmakers.
• This would support the Netherlands’ climate goals, especially since the IJmuiden plant currently accounts for around 7% of the country’s total CO2 emissions.
• A modernized Tata Steel could also strengthen domestic manufacturing and reduce reliance on global supply chains.

Still, the government needs to walk a fine line—supporting innovation and sustainability without allowing companies to exploit public funding or put undue stress on workers and communities.

What’s Next?

As of now, there’s no official emergency plan or policy shift in response to the layoffs. The government appears to be staying the course in its negotiations with Tata Steel, trying to balance economic support, job preservation, and environmental progress.

In the coming weeks, the outcome of these negotiations—and how Tata handles the restructuring—will be key to shaping the future of steel production in the Netherlands.

Final Thoughts:
Tata Steel’s job cuts are a tough pill to swallow for many, but they’re part of a much bigger transformation in how steel is made and what it means for the planet. The Dutch government has to juggle economic concerns, social responsibilities, and climate goals—all while keeping a critical industry on its home turf. Whether this ends up being a step forward or a stumble will depend on what happens next.